The introduction to Barrack Obama's speech at a commencement of ASU in 2009

He said: let me walk through why the president visit here - walk somebody through something means you help somebody learn or become familiar with something by demonstrating all its processes in turn. 

Would [01]

The first meaning of this word is that it says about something which is not realistic. For example: You see a very attractive girl and suddenly a thought is in your head: I love she would be my girlfriend. [Why was "she would" - because she is out of your league - you know it] * You're having a lot of work to do and you imagine: I would relax by the sea now [You're fighting with a mountain of work so you wish] * I would lend you but I don't have any money. * I would stay at night but I have to go * I didn't give him any advise. He wouldn't have considered them. He was in terrible temper. 
Would have done is the past form of would. For example: If I had his phone number, I would call him. * If I had had his phone number, I would have called him. * I wouldn't have passed the exam without your help [I imagine an unrealistic situation in the past - because you did help me prepare for the examination].
Would and will can go together in some contexts. Let's compare: I will lend you some money. I am rich now * I would lend you some money, but I have some finance troubles now * I will quit my current job. I have some potential jobs that are better. * I would quit my current job, but there is not any available job and I haven't earned enough money to buy a private house. 
Someone or something wouldn't do something means they refused to do it. For example: I proposed to her but she wouldn't accept it. * The computer wouldn't start [The computer didn't start]
We also use would and used to to talk about habits in the past. For example:I would get up lately in the morning = I used to get up lately in the morning. * I would drink alcohol twice a week = I used to drink alcohol twice a week. 

What am I going to do today?

Well, to sweep away my unnecessary worries I should restart my work with the dissertation! Certainly I must set things by their priority. Think smartly and Do wisely!

1. Listening to Steve Jobs' speech at Stanford commencement in 2005 and have breakfast. 
2. Do exercises on English-test 
3. Prepare for going to Gym by eating something and drinking some milk. Learn about would
4. Go to gym and go out to buy some food
5. Start with the dissertation

Silent night [001]

There are some examples with should, must, have to, need, could and can. 

I shouldn't have wasted my time on playing these stupid games. They are stupid game and I did play them. Damn it!

I needn't have talked to them. They didn't absolutely respect me. Awful!

I should go to bed early but I can't. There is something in my head that has been waking me up. 

I must go to bed early. I usually feel tired if I sleep lately at night. 

I have go to bed early. I go to the office at 7 am on the morning. 

Diego Costa's stamp

Diego Costa has been penalized after it appeared that he stamped on a Liverpool's footballer during the match between Chelsea and Liverpool. A statement from English Football Association said: The Spain international footballer has been charged with violent conduct that wasn't seen by the match officials but caught on video. 

STAMP ON: To put your foot with force on something. In this case, Diego Costa stamped on a soccer of Liverpool as in this photo:

Big Bang Theory - season 6 - Re-Entry Minimization

In what universe is that a present [Leonard talks to Sheldon when they are playing Pictionary]

Come on Leonard. I am spoon-feeding this to you [Sheldon talks to Leonard]. Spoon-feed something to someone means you give someone too much information about something and it doesn't make them think for themselves.
Okey, hold on, I'm not decent [Howard's mother talks to him] and Howard talks to himself: The woman hasn't tied her robe in 20 years. Suddenly she isn't decent. Decent is an adjective, in this context, it means somebody doesn't wear enough clothes to allow other people see them. 

Talk Vietnam - Perfect Spy Pham Xuan An - Guest: Larry Berman, host: Thuy Duong

Some useful phrases: pass away = die; expert on something; adopted country = ta country you consider that it's your second country. 

Should and suggest, demand, insist, propose and recommend

Should usually gets along with some verbs like: suggest, demand, insist, propose and recommend. For example: I suggest that you should buy a new computer. Your one is quite slow. * He insist that I should believe his words. Unfortunately, in my eyes he is a lie, no more no less. * My parent demand me that I should leave Russia as soon as possible. * My tutor recommend that I should finish my essay by the end of this month.

In the above sentences, we can leave should. They will be: He insist that I believe his words. * He insisted that I should believe his words -> He insisted that I believe his words = He insisted that I believed his words.  

These phrases like it's vital, it's essential, it's important, it's necessary are used with should. For examples: It's important that everybody should be here on time. * It's essential that MU should be in top-4 to play in the champion league next year. Their fan has been waiting enough. 

We cannot use to after suggest but doing. For example: What do you suggest we should do? -> What do you suggest we do? (not what do you suggest us to do). * What do you suggest doing ? * He suggested that I should buy a car = He suggested that I buy a car = He suggested that I bought a car. 

After some adjectives as typical, odd, funny, strange, natural, interesting, surprised, surprising. For example: it's strange he should be late. He's usually on time. * It was surprised that he should say such thing. 

Sometimes should is used with if. For example: If he should come, give him this envelop. [he might come] -> it's less possible than if he come, give him this envelop. We can start these sentences with should. For example: Should he come, give him this envelop. 

I should and I shouldn't can be used when we give somebody advise. For example: Shall we leave now? No, I should wait a bit more. [if I were you I would wait a bit more]. * I shouldn't stay late at night. You'll tired tomorrow [if I were you I wouldn't stay late at night]

Should

After a long night with sleepless I woke up late and feel a little tired. However, I should do what I have planed. I should try to get habits of doing them. 

Today word is SHOULD. Should in the most popular way is a suggestion or advice to do or not to do (shouldn't) something. For example: You should know my love is for real [Can't let you go - Tokyo square]. 

We usually use should with I think, I don't think or do you think. For example: Do you think I should apply for this job?  Yes, I think you should apply for it. 
Should have done and shouldn't have done are used for the past. Should have done is something you were better to do it. For example: I am exhausted. I should have gone to bed early last night * It was a good job. I should have applied for it. 
Shouldn't have done is something you did but it was wrong to do it. For example: Bernadette: Sheldon, I know to night is the night you eat Thai food . I went to the Asian market, got all ingredients and made it from scratch. Sheldon: You shouldn't have. Bernadette: It was my pleasure. Sheldon: No, you really shouldn't have, I bought my own [Big Bang Theory - season 6 - The closet reconfiguration]
Let's compare them with needn't have done. Needn't have done talks about something you did but it was not necessary to do it [you realize after]. They seem to be the same but sometimes they are unchangeable. For example: I feel sick. I shouldn't have eaten so much [in this context if we say I needn't have eaten so much - it is not appropriate]* You should have told me that he had already understood before I taught him that problem. I needn't have explained to him so detailed. * I should have known that he had been ill before he took the exam. I shouldn't have criticized him like that. 
Should also talks about expectations. For example: She is preparing hard for the examination. She should pass it.  
Should, must and have to talk about something that is necessary to do. However, should is less necessary than must and have to. For example: Although you don't have work tomorrow, you should go to bed early. It's a healthy habit. * I have to go bed early because I work tomorrow * This game is the last chance for MU so that they must win to advance to knock-out stage. * MU should win this game to ensure their firs place. 

Needn't mustn't and needn't have

Needn't - you don't have to do it = do / does not need (it not necessary to do it)

Mustn't - Don't do it. 

Needn't have done - it was necessary to do it but you did it. 

For example:

I needn't buy an Ipad because I already have Samsung galaxy. 

I don't need clean my apartment because it isn't dirty.

I needn't have walked home. I could have caught a taxi. 

Might as well [from Big Bang Theory - season 6 - Decoupling Fluctuation]

Sheldon, Leonard and Raj are talking to Howard who is in space. Sheldon mimics  radio static when he is talking to Howard. Leonard wonders why he does that: "What are you doing?". Sheldon explains to him like that:  I'm talking to a man in space. If you don't have [...] ... he might as well be at the Coffee Bean over the Lake Street".

In this context "might as well" means there is no reason why it doesn't happen. 

A winter day [2015]

The lake near Baku cinema is freeze in the winter. I had seen a dog with its owner on the surface of the lake before I took this photo. It is actually safe in the middle of the winter to walk across the lake but I am psychologically afraid of it. 

A snow penguin near  the trade center Galeria (Aeroport district - Moscow). It's interesting because that it is not white as others. It might have been decorated by some kids. So lovely in the boring winter because of coldness and economy decrease. 

Discursive essay [001]

Topic: Traffic congestion seems to be increasing. What do you think are the cause of traffic congestion and what, if anything, can be done to reduce the problems?

Essay:
Brainstorming:
Main ideas
Causes of congestion: 

• Increase of individual means of transport like cars, motorbikes, ...
• Ineffective infrastructural system 
• Increase of traffic accidents. 

How to reduce the problems:

• Improve public transport system. Increase the number of people using transport means like buses, trams and subways.
• Analyze transport system, Develop infrastructure and organize transportation effectively and optimally.
• Restrict transportation rules more effectively

Supporting ideas

Increase of individual means of transport like cars, motorbikes, ..

• People easily buy private cars or motorbikes because prices of them have been decreased a lot.
• Urban residents has rapidly increased, as a result, the number of private means has also dramatically multiplied.
• Improve public transport system like buses, trams and subways as a solution for this problem. If public transport system is comfortable people will use because they are also badly affected by traffic jams.

Ineffective infrastructural system

• The development of infrastructure is not as rapid as increase of transport means and transportation consumption.
• Many new construction projects are not maintained optimally. 
• Construction in dense urban areas is complicated and cost highly.
• Need organize transportation system more optimally. 

Increase of traffic accidents

• People don't obey transportation rules
• Traffic accidents cause unpredictable congestion, suddenly reduce speed of traffic flows
• Need control rules more strict and effectively. 

Essay
Traffic jam has been one of the most popular problems in cities where popular density is high. Authority has been trying to resolve this problem for years by pointing out reasons and seeking solutions for them. There are many reasons some of which depend on features of a particular urban are. On the other hand, some main causes are identical everywhere. Their solutions also have been found and applied to reduce traffic congestion.
The first problem is that the number of private means of transport has dramatically increased. Nowadays prices of cars or motorbikes are quite reasonable so that residents can easily buy them. Recently urban population has rapidly increased. Many people want own their individual transportation means because they feel comfortable. Improving public transportation become a key solution of this problem. When the public transport system is comfortable and well maintained, it will be more rapid. As a result, people will automatically use them because they are badly affected by traffic jams.
Ineffective infrastructure is also one of the main causes of traffic congestion. The infrastructural development is not as rapid as the increase of transport means and transportation consumption. On the other hand, plenty of new constructions are not optimally maintained. In addition, construction on dense urban areas is technically complicated and costs highly. In order to solve this problem, transportation system must be organized with a serious consideration of transport consumption and its perspective.
The other common reason of traffic jam is the increase of accidents on roads. These accidents suddenly reduce speed of traffic flows and cause unpredictable congestion, especially in rush hours. Many accidents are a result of not obeying transportation rules. As a result, controlling rules more strictly and effectively is an obvious solution for this problem.
To sum up, the main common reasons of traffic congestion in urban areas are the increase of private transportation means, ineffective infrastructural systems and the increase of traffic accidents. Some solutions have been offered and applied as improving public transport system, organizing infrastructure more optimally and controlling transportation rules more strictly and effectively.
[346 words - too long - needed to improved]

Have to and must

Both must and have to talk about rules or regulation, restriction. Must is used when you give your opinion, for example: You must go to bed early, working late at night is not good for your heath. Must is also used in written laws as in examinations: You must write your answers in ink or applications for the job must be receive by 20 November. 

Have to, on the other hand, is used when something is necessary to do or obliged to do. For example: I have to work at the office from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm with a hour break. 

Must not and do not/ does not have to are quite different. If someone must not do something it means he or she is not allowed to do it, it is restricted. For example: This data is personal. Facebook must not submit it to someone else.  On the other hand, if someone does not have to do something it means they do not need to do it, but they can do if they want. For example: These exercises are optional, you don't have to do them. 

Might and may

All might and may talk about possibility. In this case, could is similar to may and might. For example: I has been calling Stephen 3 times but he didn't answer. He might/may be busy or he might/may be working or he might/may have forgot his phone at home. 

May and might are also used to talk about possibilities in the future. For instance: what will you do after finishing PhD? I don't know, I am considering, I might/may apply for some research jobs. Let's compare forms that talk about future suggestion or possibilities: will, be going to, could, might, may:

I will go to the gym today [possible]
I am going to the gym today [I have a plan to do it, it certainly happen]
I could go to the gym today. I feel so bored staying at home all day. [less sure]
I might/may go to gym today. I have a plenty of time doing nothing. [possible]
Don't call me at 8:00 pm tonight. I will be watching Manchester United vs Liverpool on TV. [ for sure]
Don't call me at 8:00 pm tonight. I might be watching Manchester United vs Liverpool on TV then. [possible].
For possible, only might can talk about unrealistic suggestion. For example: If I were you, I might resign from the company. [unrealistic I am not you].
Might as well is a special construction. It is used when there no reason not to do something. For instance: We have been waiting Mr Tom for so long. In fact, his secretary has said that he is going to be late in an hour and half. We might as well go to the cafe over there. There is nothing to do for us now. Or I have missed my bus to my office. The next one is in an hour. I might as well walk. An hour is so long to wait for the bus.

May not and might not are negative forms of may and might respectively. For example: He doesn't answer my calls. He might not hear the rings. 

Might have done and may have done are past forms of them. For example: I lost my keys. I have been looking them for hours at home. I might have left them at my office. 

Might not have done and may not have done are negative. Let's compare could not have done and might/may not have done:

Tom couldn't have seen you. Otherwise he would say hello to you. (it was not possible that Tom saw you without saying hello to you)

Tom might/may not have seen you. He walked through so quickly. 

"ed" and "s" pronunciation

How to pronounce called, stopped or listened? If a word pronounced with a last voice which is /t/ or /d/ so "ed" is read as /id/. For example: edited or needed or headed. In the case, where the last voice is unvoiced like /f/, /p/, /s/... "ed" is pronounced as /t/. Otherwise it is read as /d/.
How about buses. If a word with a last voice is /s/, /z/, /sh/, /ch/, /j/ we say /iz/. When the last voice is unvoiced consonant like /p/, /t/,/k/,/f/ ... we say /s/. Otherwise we say /z/.
In addition, if a countable noun finished by s, sh, ch, x, z we add es to its plural form. 

Must and can't

You must be insane! Must is an auxiliary verb to talk about something we believe it's certain. For example: A lot of people have been playing this game, it must be very interesting. It is only my prediction about the game, I haven't played it yet. 

In contrast, can't is an auxiliary verb used to talk about what we believe it's impossible. For example: You have eaten in the morning, you can't be hungry. 

Must have done and can't have done are used in the past. There are other forms of must and can't like: must be doing, must have been doing, can't be doing, can't have been doing. For example: The man has been behind me for 20 minutes. He must be following me. Or The boy was standing outside the bookshop when I came out. He must have been waiting for somebody. 

Mean, means and meaning

3 words I got confused. Let's screw them :D.

What does "mean" mean? In this context, the verb mean is used to talk about meaning - the definition of words or something else. Sometimes we can hear: what do you mean? This question is encountered when somebody doesn't clearly understand what their partner has talked. 

When mean is a noun, it means an average, or something between two extreme things. For example: I need to find a mean between frankness and rudeness. Or the mean of 3 and 5 is 4. 

When mean is an adjective, it describe a person who is not willing to share with others (not generous or unkind). For example: She is the meanest girl I've ever known.[Country girls - The little house on the prairie). 

How about means? The single form and plural form are the same - means. The most popular meaning is equipment to achieves something. For examples: He has used me as a means to get promoted. Damn it! Or means of transport: airplanes, cars, trains, ...  

Finally, when meaning is a noun, it talks about the definition of something. For example: The meaning of words highly depends on contexts. 

Can, could, and be able to

These auxiliary verbs are popularly used to talk about ability. They are quite analogous so that they sometimes are confused. It is a basic staff, so I wanna understand them clearly. 

• Can. This auxiliary verb is probably most frequent in talking about ability. For example: I can sing; I can do that exercise, etc. We usually use can to talk about general ability - the present simple. Therefore in other tenses as past or perfect we can use could or be able to. For example: I am so tired, I haven't been able to sleep last night; We stayed in a hotel near the beach. We could see a fantastic view of sea. 
• Could. This auxiliary can be used as the past form of can. Especially with the verbs like: see, taste, hear, remember, feel, understand. Could can talk about the permission in the past, for example: We were free in that house, we could do everything we wanted ( we were allowed to do everything we wanted).
  Another meaning of could is suggesting. We can use it to suggest or talk about possible now or in the future. For example: What do we have for dinner? We could have fish. Possibly we can say: we can have fish. In this case, with can the suggestion is more sure. I mean, maybe the speaker has bought some fish we she says: we can have fish. With could, maybe, speakers are standing in the front of a supermarket. One of them suggests that they can buy some fish for dinner.
  When we talk about actions which are not realistic, we use could. For example: I am utterly exhausted. I could sleep all week. For this aspect, we can compare can and could like this:
  This fish dish is so delicious, I can eat the whole dish. / This kind of fish is so delicious, I could eat it everyday.
• Could talks about ability in the past, but in general. If there is a particular situation, was/were able to or managed to. For example: Manchester United could beat any opponent when King Eric played for them. In FA final in 1995-1996 season, Liverpool played very well but he and his teammates managed to win. The fire spread very quickly so that everyone could get injured. Fortunately my friends were able to escape safely. 
• Couldn't, on the other hand, can be used in any situation with the meaning of failing to do something. For example: When I was a teenage, I used to like a girl. However, I was a coward in love so that I couldn't tell that I liked her. 
  Another meaning of couldn't is that the fact is impossible now. For example: Manchester United is 10 points less than Chelsea while the league has 3 rounds to the end. They couldn't win the tie this year.
  Everything is OK? Yeah, it couldn't be better [Big bang theory - Howard]
• Could have done, could have happened and couldn't have. All of them talks about the past. Could have done is the past of could do. For example. I am utterly exhausted. I could sleep all week./ I was utterly exhausted. I could have slept all week. 
  On the other hand, could have happened is about something possibly happened in the past but didn't happen. For example: Why were you angry with him although you didn't know if he had done it? You could have asked him first! 

Except or except for

Both except and except for mean not including something or something is not true for somebody or something. They are almost the same when they are prepositions (following by nouns). For example: Everyone knows the letter except (for) me [Big bang theory - Howard].

However except can be used as a conjunction. For instance: They are very alike, except (that) the older brother is slightly taller than the younger one. 

Sport vs sports

There are two kinds of this word.

The first one is an uncountable noun (in American language) is a physical activity in general. For example, there are full of equipment and facilities for sport in the campus of the university. 

The second one is a countable noun that means a particular form of sport. It's quite interesting, we can see the blue word - sport is of the kind. For instance, what is your favourite sport? 

IELTS preparation

I have been preparing for IELTS examination since November 2014. Honestly I haven't had enough time to study as I want. I am currently working as constructor for a Russian construction company in Moscow. Working full time, spending 2 hours for transportation each day reduce my time for the preparation. Meanwhile there is a mass of things I have to learn as collocations, academic writing skill, improving listening and reading skills and progress my English pronunciation.  

I don't have many choices; I mean I am 28 years old and I know I need to master English as soon as possible. In my opinion, English as any other foreign language, to grasp it I should digest it daily. Digest ? I mean use it naturally in a relax way. As a result I decide:

• Reading news on BBC and articles on Wikipedia and other sites as training reading skill
• Listening to BBC radio, VOA special English or 6 minutes English (BBC) is my way to improve listening possibility
• Writing down daily events, my thoughts to this blog to comprehend my writing skill
•  Watching movies to mater my pronunciation and speaking skill

Apart from above approaches to studying English, I learn from some text books and attend some online course on the Net. 

I hope everything will be convenient for me. Don't give up and be wise as much as I can.